Home > Features > Battle of St Quentin Canal > View All. It overlooked the Somme River approximately 1.5 kilometres north of Péronne. The ship left the dock at 2 P.M. on May 11, 1918, sailing for England. The 120th Infantry was able to break the line, while its sister regiment the 119th Infantry, 30th Division, could not break through. His unit was sent for basic training at Camp Sevier, S.C., between late August and early September 1917, where it was federalized as Company D, 120th Infantry Regiment, 30th Division, U.S. Army. A small group of 217 Australian officers and N.C.O.s was assigned to the U.S. troops for advice and liaison. [30] The result was that the barrage would now start at the originally-intended jump-off point, some 900 m (1,000 yd) beyond the actual starting point of the infantry, leaving them very vulnerable during their initial advance. On that date, he was transferred to Company G, 119th Infantry, 30th Division, in which unit he remained until his discharge. Theater of Service: European Theater of Operations (ETO) Unit: 559th Bombardment Squadron (M) 387th Bombardment Group. The II Corps lost 7,500 men during the battle, 13,500 during all the fighting in the area. Where the canal runs underground, the main Hindenburg Line trench system was sited to the west of the line of the canal. The Allies were pursuing the Germans, and the greatest obstacle to crossing the Somme River in pursuit was Mont Saint-Quentin which, situated in a bend of the river, dominated the whole position. This was a magnificent achievement for the 46th Division who sustained 800 casualties. Name State Date War Branch; 1: Bernard L Abt . He was persuaded by Rawlinson to change his mind. In his Australian Victories in France, Monash pays tribute to the commander of the 2nd Division, Major-General Charles Rosenthal, who was in charge of the operation. It was quite a distance and before I returned Captain [Ray] had become impatient and had himself gone forward with an officer from the 118th Infantry, but taking a different route from that I took. The following summary of Ross’ talk gives a glimpse into the significance of the Battle to the outcome of the War and its significance to the AIF. Charles Bean wrote: "By 10 o'clock Monash's plan had gone to the winds.... From that hour onward ... the offensive was really directed by Australian battalion or company commanders at the front..."[47] The 30th Division won the praise of General John J. Pershing, who wrote: "... the 30th Division did especially well. [14][15] However, the American soldiers lacked battle experience. [18] Whilst there had been some evidence of poor German morale from previous operations, this proved to be a dangerous assumption. Some 1,600 guns were deployed (1,044 field guns and 593 heavy guns and howitzers), firing almost one million shells over a comparatively short period of time. display: none !important; The Battle of St Quentin Canal on the Western Front involved No 1 RMA Siege Battery and No's 5, 6 and 12 RMA Howitzers Sunday 29th - 30th September The attacks on Cambrai on the Western Front involved 188 and 190 Brigades. [6], Continuing attacks from 3 to 10 October (including those by the Australian 2nd Division capturing Montbrehain on 5 October and the British 25th Division capturing the village of Beaurevoir on 5/6 October) managed to clear the fortified villages behind the Beaurevoir Line, and capture the heights overlooking the Beaurevoir Line – resulting in a total break in the Hindenburg Line. McDonald served for the remained of 1918 with Company F, 119th Infantry. Further north, part of the British Third Army also supported the attack. Ray Jr. was drafted into military service on August 7, 1917, as a First Lieutenant with the Medical Corps in the North Carolina National Guard. Soldiers' showers at St. Quentin, France in December 1944. Battle of St Quentin Canal. The tanks could protect the infantry but they also needed the close cooperation of the infantry to alert them to the danger of concealed field guns. ", "Among our wounded that day was a German who had been shot several times thru the abdomen and had little or no chance to live. He was honorably discharged on July 7, 1919, at which time he was reported as 15% disabled (though his injuries appear to have been worse). [56][page needed] In the case of this attack, the machine gun fire was so severe that the infantry were ordered to withdraw, leaving the tanks well forward of them and prey to the German field guns. Our losses were grievous, but the accomplishments, as Field Marshall Sir D. Haig said, ‘made final victory possible.’"--The 120th Infantry, USA, On His Majesty’s Service by Col. Sidney W. Minor. 11th (Service) Battalion Monash intended to attack the Hindenburg Line south of Vendhuile where the St Quentin Canal runs underground for some 5,500 m (6,000 yd) through the Bellicourt Tunnel (which had been converted by the Germans into an integral part of the Hindenburg Line defensive system). [32] In an attempt to compensate for the lack of a creeping barrage Rawlinson provided additional tanks. I fear their casualties have been heavy, but it is their own fault. The Battle of Albert, The Battle of Bazentin, The Battle of the Ancre. Thomas Newtown Bryson was born on February 5, 1894, in the community of Cullasaja in Macon County, N.C., to John Turner and Martha Jane Deal Bryson. Tuesday 1st October 1918 }. Our two bags of dressings and a Red Cross flag tied to the butt of a rifle which had been stuck in the ground constituted all our equipment of supplies. During 1917 Operations on the Ancre During 1918 The First Battle of Arras, The Battle of Amiens, The Battle of Albert, The Battle of Bapaume, The Battle of the St Quentin Canal, The Battle of Beaurevoir, The Battle of the Sambre. He and his fellow medic William D. Ervin were preparing the night before for the work they would have on the battlefield the following day, as Ervin describes in a letter to Ray's mother: "At eleven o'clock [September 28, 1918] he [Ray Jr.] called me and requested that I fill two large bags with dressings. The Australians, few in number, were unable to hold the summit of Mont St Quentin when German reserves counter-attacked but held on just below the summit until next morning when Australian reinforcements recaptured the summit. He was buried in the Somme American Cemetery and Memorial near the commune of Bony, in the Aisne department of northern France. His body was sent back home eventually, and interred in the Providence Methodist Church Cemetery in Warrenton, N.C. Eugene Earl McDonald was born and raised in Cumberland County, N.C. McDonald appears to have enlisted in the North Carolina National Guard prior the United States’ entrance into World War I in April 1917. Its immediate consequence was that the Germans retired from St. Quentin, which fell into the hands of the French on October 1st. [21] Monash felt such an assault to be doomed to failure and would never have planned for it himself, believing it to be too risky. An 8th Battalion, Tank Corps, Mark V Tank with ‘crib’ is going ahead, near Bellicourt, 29 September 1918. The First Battle of Arras, The Battle of Amiens, The Battle of Albert, The Battle of Bapaume, The Battle of the St Quentin Canal, The Battle of Beaurevoir, The Battle of the Sambre. To date, NC DNCR has a count of 241 North Carolinians killed on that day. Whilst the Australians had already captured it in the southern part of the front (from where the American 30th Division would launch its attack), the northern section of the line was still in German hands. Their sacrifices, nevertheless, contributed quite definitely to the partial success of the day's operations..."[50] The objective of U.S. II Corps, the Catelet–Nauroy Line, was not captured by the Americans. During the push on the Hindenburg Line, he was killed on September 29, 1918. [22] The Germans believed the canal cutting to be impregnable. This is only a sampling of all those North Carolinians who sacrificed on September 29. Allied troops successfully break through the Hindenburg Line. [59] IX Corps had to cross the formidable canal cutting (which increased in depth as it approached Riqueval until its very steep banks, strongly defended by fortified machine gun positions, were over 15 m (50 ft) deep in places),[60] and then fight its way through the Hindenburg Line trenches. [34], The battle was preceded by the greatest British artillery bombardment of the war. Some men were injured that day and died weeks later, while other men died later in October 1918 as part of the same battle. Nineteen Medals of Honor were earned by the II Corps during the war, nine of them during the assault on the St-Quentin Canal. John Ray Jr. succumbed to gas gangrene that infected the wounded. They would not return to the front before the Armistice on 11 November. Despite some individual acts of heroism[41] the lack of progress on the left of the front had an adverse effect on the progress of the right of the front too. He would use the Americans to breach the Hindenburg Line and the Australian 3rd and 5th Divisions to follow behind and then exploit the breakthrough. It broke through the Hindenburg Line on its entire front and took Bellicourt and part of Nauroy by noon of the 29th. [17], Monash's plan assumed that the Hindenburg outpost line would be in Allied hands by the date set for the start of the battle. }, #mc_embed_signup{background:#092940; clear:left; font:14px Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; } [42] An added difficulty was thick fog across the battlefield in the earlier stages of the attack which led to American troops passing by Germans without realising that they were there, with the Germans causing severe problems to the Americans following the assault wave. The Australian and British dead were interred in numerous Commonwealth War Graves Commission cemeteries scattered around the area, including Bellicourt British Cemetery;[81] Unicorn Cemetery, Vendhuile[82] and La Baraque British Cemetery, Bellenglise (U.K. dead only). Born in New York City, 1st Lt. Archibald W. Limer was raised in the community of Afton in Warren County, N.C. He served in the North Carolina National Guard in the Warrenton, N.C., guard unit, prior to his unit being called into federal active service for WWI in 1917. [37], Later in the day the leading brigades of the 32nd Division (including Lt Wilfred Owen of the Manchester Regiment) crossed the canal and moved forward through 46th Division. Thomas Bryson was involved in the Battle of St. Quentin Canal in France, and was severely injured in battle on September 29, 1918. How can we make this page better for you. In this sector the St Quentin Canal formed an immense, ready-made anti-tank "ditch" and the main Hindenburg Line trench system lay on the east (German) side of the canal. Harris was killed in action on September 29, 1918, though his body was never recovered. [21] This view was shared by many in the 46th (North Midland) Division of IX Corps, which was tasked with spearheading the assault. [24] The American 27th Division was ordered to attack on 27 September,[25] to finish clearing German forces from outposts in front of their line, including the strong points of The Knoll, Gillemont Farm, and Quennemont Farm. Larry Jordan was born in Northampton County, N.C. [63], The ferocity of the creeping artillery barrage contributed greatly to the success of the assault, keeping the Germans pinned in their dugouts. Imperial War Museum image Q9367 South-East Asia Hong Kong: 8-25 Dec 41: Italian Campaign. A further 15 Royal Marines killed. He was buried in the Somme American Cemetery and Memorial near the commune of Bony, in the Aisne department of northern France. Macon served in this unit for his entire WWI military service, and held the rank of Sergeant. 30th September. 'Twas here that I sawm him last, I having reported here for orders and was retained. Monash asked Rawlinson for permission to delay the main attack due on 29 September, but this was refused because of the priority given to Marshal Ferdinand Foch's strategy of keeping the Germans under the relentless pressure of coordinated assaults along the front. After the Armistice, McDonald was transferred to the 291st Company, Military Police Corps, U.S. Army, to serve with the Allied occupation forces in Europe. 27th Division was required to make an advance greater than any that had been asked of its highly experienced Australian allies, an advance of some 4,500 m (5,000 yd) in a single action. In concert with other attacks of the Grand Offensive along the length of the line, Allied success convinced the German high command that there was little hope of an ultimate German victory. [17] Monash believed that the operation would be "more a matter of engineering and organisation than of fighting". [73] On the right of the front in IX Corps sector, the 1st Division, operating west of the canal, had the task of protecting the right flank of the 46th Division by clearing the Germans from the ground east and north-east of Pontruet. Nineteen Medals of Honor were earned by the II Corps during the war, nine of them during the assault on the St-Quentin Canal. There had been some episodes of mutiny by troops who were feeling unfairly put upon. Our losses were grievous, but the accomplishments, as Field Marshall Sir D. Haig said, ‘made final victory possible.’"--, Eugene Earl McDonald was born and raised in Cumberland County, N.C. McDonald appears to have enlisted in the North Carolina National Guard prior the United States’ entrance into World War I in April 1917. The same day, 1 September 1918, saw Australian forces break into Péronne and take most of the town. [35] Many of the high explosive shells fired had special fuses which made them very effective in destroying the German barbed wire. [16] The British high command considered that German morale was suffering badly and that their capacity to resist was much weakened. The whole of the 32nd Division was east of the canal by nightfall. Two British corps, III and IX, would be deployed in support of the main assault. The British artillery commander argued that attempting to alter the barrage timetable at this late stage would cause problems and the American divisional commander Major General John F. O'Ryan was also concerned about the possibility of friendly fire. He may have served with Company F, 2nd Infantry Regiment, North Carolina National Guard, when the National Guard was called to the Mexican border in 1916, as part of the U.S. Army’s Punitive Expedition against Pancho Villa. When his unit was called into active federal service, he was assigned as a Private and later Private First Class in Company D, 120th Infantry, 30th Division, U.S. Army. He was able to rejoin his unit after he recovered, and stayed with his unit until they left France around the start of April 1919. On that date, he was transferred to Company G, 119th Infantry, 30th Division, in which unit he remained until his discharge. Donor: Diane and Ed Lemke. His unit was sent for basic training at Camp Sevier, S.C., on August 9, 1917, where it was federalized as Company F, 119th Infantry Regiment, 30th Division, U.S. Army. Macon is buried in the cemetery in Plot B, Row 18, Grave 12. It was resting out of the line when the Armistice was declared on 11 November. Never had we seen such a thing: … [66][f] The 46th Division captured the village of Bellenglise, including its great tunnel/troop shelter (which had been constructed as part of the Hindenburg Line defences). Naturally a man in his condition would be held back until all men with a greater chance for recovery had been evacuated, so this poor man lay thru from early morn until nearly dusk, but not unnoticed, for Captain Ray at every opportunity would raise his head and give him a drink from his own canteen until his last drop was gone, and would then go out on the field and fill it from that of a slain soldier. He was promoted to the rank of Corporal at some point after joining the 120th Infantry. As the North Carolina Department of Natural and Cultural Resources' week-long effort to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the deadliest day of WWI for North Carolinia service individuals--the attack and breaking through by the 30th Division of the Hindenburg Line on September 29, 1918, at the Battle of St. Quentin Canal (also referred to as the Battle of Bellicourt)--we wish to bring you different perspectives of the events and experiences of those who were casualities of that day. Willie Macon was killed in action on the last day of the Battle of St. Quentin Canal period, on October 10, 1918, while involved in the commune of Busigny, in the Nord department of northern France. Category: Battle: Description. Willie Glenn Macon is believed to have also served in the North Carolina National Guard with his brother Wilson, but there is no information on when he entered Guard service or how long he served. The 46th Division's final objective for 29 September was a line of high ground beyond the villages of Lehaucourt and Magny-la-Fosse. 12/03/44-5/01/45. [36] Included in these were more than 30,000 mustard gas shells (the first use of a British-made version of this weapon). Jordan served in Company H, 3rd Infantry, North Carolina National Guard, prior to the United States' entrance into WWI. Battle experience and a more autonomous AIF, and improvements in, and evolution of tactics, weapons systems, training, leadership and communication are some of the elements that differentiate Fromelles in July 1916 to Mont St.Quentin in September 1918. [20] The tunnel was the only location where tanks could cross the canal. [69], The assault across the canal met all of its objectives, on schedule, at a cost of somewhat fewer than 800 casualties to the division. The Montwas only 100 metres high but was a key to the German defence of the Somme line, and the last German stronghold. ", "He was severely wounded in the thigh about six o'clock on September 30, but insisted that he be allowed to walk back to the ambulances, a distance of about 5 miles. The Battle of St. Quentin Canal was a pivotal battle of World War I that began on 29 September 1918 and involved British, Australian and American forces operating as part of the British Fourth Army under the overall command of General Sir Henry Rawlinson.Further north, part of the British Third Army also supported the attack. The Battle of Albert, The Battle of Bazentin, The Battle of the Ancre. The road was opened to the Australians, the lines had been broken, the defenses were ours. window.location.href="mailto:?subject="+document.title+"&body="+escape(window.location.href); Our bags were well loaded and with nothing more with which to work. The road was opened to the Australians, the lines had been broken, the defenses were ours. 29th September. But Monash and his staff were responsible for the conception of the project and the working out of the plans. The British III Corps had previously failed to capture the outposts, but that failure had been attributed by Rawlinson to the tiredness of the troops. In this way I lost him and he found one of the other boys from the Detachment who was with him his day in the line. Cpl. [67][68] By the end of the day the 46th Division had taken 4,200 German prisoners (out of a total for the army of 5,100) and 70 guns. Battle of St. Quentin Canal; Part of the Hundred Days Offensive of World War I: Breaking the Hindenburg Line by William Longstaff: Date: 29 September – 10 October 1918: Location : Hindenburg Line, France. [40] Rather than leapfrogging through the Americans, the Australian 3rd Division became involved in a desperate fight for positions that should already have been captured had Monash's plan run to timetable. The 107th Infantry Regiment suffered the worst casualties sustained in a single day by any U.S. regiment during the war. Sunday 29th - 30th September. The Brigade was ordered to reorganise and hold the position. [37] The British were greatly helped by the fact that they were in possession of highly detailed captured plans of the enemy defences (especially useful for the IX Corps sector). … Thomas … The Battle of Mont St Quentin resulted in a strategic, tactical and psychological victory for the Australian Forces and dealt a stunning blow to five German divisions, including the elite 2nd German Guard Division, drove the enemy from one of the key positions in France, and took 2,600 prisoners at a cost of slightly over 3,000 casualties. The bridge had not been destroyed previously by the Germans because it was a major link to the ground they held west of the canal. Category:CS1 maint: ref=harv ISBN (identifier) Enlarge. In one instance four heavy tanks and five medium tanks were destroyed in the space of 15 minutes by German field guns at the same location. [27] The American soldiers were inexperienced and problems were compounded by a shortage of American officers (there were only 18 officers in the 12 attacking companies – the remainder were absent receiving further training). [61] The British 32nd Division, following behind, would then leapfrog the 46th Division. The State of North Carolina has no better-documented sacrifice during the breaking of the Hindenburg Line than that of John Edwin Ray Jr. Ray Jr. was born and raised in Wake County, N.C. The two American divisions were reliant on British guns because they did not have their own artillery. Fighting continues until 2 October. About 5 Kms south of Bellicourt, where the canal is open, is the village of Bellenglise, where another great tunnel or dug-out was made by the Germans. [54] This was during the attempt to subdue severe machine gun fire coming from the Le Catelet–Nauroy Line in the vicinity of Cabaret Wood Farm[55][page needed] (a tank fort – see map) and showed the danger posed by German field guns to tanks operating without close infantry support (because the crew had very limited visibility and often could not see a threat which those outside the tank could see). Monash was unhappy, because his Australian force was by now short of manpower and many soldiers were showing signs of strain, having been heavily engaged in fighting for several months. Many of the high explosive shellsfired had special fuses which made them very effe… It took until nearly daybreak on September 29 for us to reach an old out post of the enemies' where we located in an open trench with no protection whatsoever from a terrific barrage that was started at 5:50 [A.M.] and as bad counter barrage thrown by the enemy. He would serve in the Company D, 3rd North Carolina Infantry, before WWI. [64] The soldiers used a variety of flotation aids devised by the Royal Engineers (including improvised floating piers and 3,000 lifebelts from cross-Channel steamers) to cross the water. Limer served in Company H, 120th Infantry, 30th Division, U.S. Army, during WWI. For these shortcomings they paid a heavy price. [70] The great success of the day had come where many had least expected it. The II Corps lost 7,500 men during the battle, 13,500 during all the fighting in the area. Macon was transferred to serve in the same unit as his brother—Company D, 120th Infantry Regiment, 30th Division, U.S. Army. Fear their casualties have been heavy, but it is their own fault was opened to the U.S. for! Of them during the Battle plan to the west of the high explosive shellsfired had special fuses which them. By many glorious feats of arms of the American soldiers lacked Battle experience 21–27... 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