: A Novel of Richard I, King of England, in Cecelia Holland's The King's Witch, Gore Vidal's A Search For the King and in Sharon Kay Penman's The Devil's Brood and Lionheart. He was released in 1194, once the enormous ransom that Henry demanded had been raised by the English. His harshness infuriated the Gascons, who revolted in 1183 and called in the help of the “Young King” Henry and his brother Geoffrey of Brittany in an effort to drive Richard from his duchy altogether. His knightly manner and his prowess in the Third Crusade (1189–92) made him a popular king in his own time as well as the hero of countless romantic legends. Richard was now heir to England and to Normandy and Anjou (which were regarded as inseparable), and his father wished him to yield Aquitaine to his youngest brother, John. Richard I (more commonly known as Richard Cœur de Lion or Richard the Lionheart) was a king of England who lived during the 12th century. King Richard I of England is the only English monarch who was given the honor of a statue outside the Houses of Parliament in London –Richard Coeur de Lion, who sits majestically on horseback, wearing chainmail and brandishing his broadsword. The people of England were heavily taxed, Churches were forced to give up valuables, monasteries were made to turn over a season's wool harvest. Richard the Lionheart was the third son of King Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine, and although his eldest brother died young, the next in line, Henry, was named heir. The fates of England and France hang in the balance as Richard and his brothers fight a ruthless war against their father, King Henry. Richard I was king of England for a decade at the end of the twelfth century, but in that time this "absent" king spent only six months in the country he ruled. Richard was released in February, 1194, and hurried back to England, where he was crowned again to demonstrate that he was still in charge of an independent kingdom. There are some things we do know about Richard. Snell, Melissa. Through most of his life he enjoyed the support and affection of his people, and for centuries after his death, Richard the Lionheart was one of the most popular kings in English history. Richard I(リチャード一世, Richādo Issei? Read 7 reviews from the world's largest community for readers. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. He joined his brothers in the great rebellion (1173–74) against their father, who invaded Aquitaine twice before Richard submitted and received pardon. ), Class Name Saber(セイバー, Seibā?) In November 1188 he did homage to Philip for all the English holdings on French soil and in 1189 openly joined forces with Philip to drive Henry into abject submission. Nevertheless, he could be shrewd in matters of politics and was famously skilled on the battlefield. Richard the Lionheart died on April 6, 1199. The French king wanted some of the lands that Henry had held, and that were now in Richard's hands, which he believed rightfully belonged to France. While Richard I is one of medieval England’s most famous kings he is also the most controversial. After a year’s unproductive skirmishing, Richard (September 1192) made a truce for three years with Saladin that permitted the Crusaders to hold Acre and a thin coastal strip and gave Christian pilgrims free access to the holy places. Coronation procession of Richard I in 1189. Thereafter Richard was occupied with suppressing baronial revolts in his own duchy. In the ten years of his reign, the king spent … He negotiated a truce with Saladin that allowed the Crusaders to keep Acre and a strip of coast that gave Christian pilgrims access to sites of sacred significance, then headed back to Europe. Richard joined the other Crusaders at Acre on June 8, 1191, having conquered Cyprus on his way there. He was given the duchy of Aquitaine, his mother’s inheritance, at age 11 and was enthroned as duke at Poitiers in 1172. Often believed to have been the favorite son of his mother, Eleanor of Aquitaine, Richard had three older siblings, William (who died in infancy), Henry, and Matilda, as well as four younger: Geoffrey, Lenora, Joan, and John. Each piece of evidence can be, and has been, interpreted in more than one way, so every scholar can feel free to draw whatever conclusion suits him. By the Treaty of Messina Richard obtained for Joan her release and her dower, acknowledged Tancred as king of Sicily, declared Arthur of Brittany (Richard’s nephew) to be his own heir, and provided for Arthur to marry Tancred’s daughter. This complex issue boils down to one salient point: there is no irrefutable proof to support or contradict the assertion that Richard was a homosexual. Corrections? Richard was also known to let his temper get the better of him. All of this had occurred under the governance of Isaac Ducas Comnenus, the Greek "tyrant" of Cyprus, who had at one point entered into an agreement with Saladin to protect the government he'd set up in opposition to the ruling Angelus family of Constantinople. He demanded (and got) Joan's release, but when her dower was not forthcoming he began taking control of strategic fortifications. Richard made many enemies, especially through his actions in the Holy Land, where he insulted and quarreled with his allies even more than his foes. Richard I, byname Richard the Lionheart or Lionhearted, French Richard Coeur de Lion, (born September 8, 1157, Oxford, England—died April 6, 1199, Châlus, duchy of Aquitaine), duke of Aquitaine (from 1168) and of Poitiers (from 1172) and king of England, duke of Normandy, and count of Anjou (1189–99). Odds, and his fleet ran into a riot, he personally it... 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